A herniated disc is a common injury that can affect any part of the spine. A herniated disc can cause severe pain and other problems in the arms or legs.

Vertebral discs are the spinal column's shock absorbers. The discs cushion the vertebral bones and allow the spine to twist and bend. Vertebral discs are composed of two main parts, a soft inner nucleus (nucleus pulposis) and a tough, fibrous outer wall (annulus fibrosis).

This condition is an irritation or compression of one or more nerve roots in the lumbar spine. Because these nerves travel to the hips, buttocks, legs and feet, an injury in the lumbar spine can cause symptoms in these areas. Sciatica may result from a variety of problems with the bones and tissues of the lumbar spinal column.

Arthritis (also called osteoarthritis or degenerative arthritis) involves the swelling and damage of the joint. The condition causes pain and stiffness and limits shoulder joint movement. Causes of degeneration include increased age, everyday use of the joint, repetitive overhead movements, injuries such as fractures or chronic rotator cuff tears, or infection.

The meniscus is comprised of two c-shaped wedges of cartilage that cushion and stabilize the knee joint. A torn meniscus can cause pain and limited mobility in the knee.

An ankle sprain occurs when one or more ligaments - fibrous bands of tissue that provide stability to the joint - are stretched or torn from excessive force such as a sudden twisting during sports, stepping on an uneven surface, or a blow to the ankle.

This condition is an elevated level of pressure in the arteries. The arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body. If not managed properly, high blood pressure can contribute to a wide range of medical problems.

Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot properly use blood sugar, called glucose, to fuel the body's cells. This results in elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream. If not treated properly, a person with diabetes can develop severe complications. These can lead to coma and death.